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Wolverine stack: what's in it

By Ellum EditorialPublished Updated AI use

The short answer

Wolverine stack combines BPC-157 and TB-500.

  • What it is

    Two linear peptides combined in one blend.

  • What people look into

    Muscle and exercise

  • What studies found

    Most published studies of BPC-157 used rats and other small rodents.[1] In rats with a cut Achilles tendon, the tendon withstood more load.[2]

    Results for one compound don't tell you what the two do together.

The parts

  • BPC-157 Index

    Not FDA-approved · advisory vote July 2026 · no FDA decision

    WADA 2026: S0

    Papers on animals103
    Lab-dish (cell) papers1
    Papers PubMed tags as about people55
    Registered trials (ClinicalTrials.gov)2 of 3 search results name BPC-157
    Randomized trials in peoplenone found

  • TB-500 (thymosin beta-4 fragment LKKTETQ) Index

    Not FDA-approved · advisory vote July 2026 · no FDA decision

    WADA 2026: S2.3

Bars are counts of papers or trials; a longer bar means more studies, not better results. Study counts auto-counted from PubMed tags and ClinicalTrials.gov in the Ellum research database, as of October 6, 2026 (not reviewed; a paper can carry more than one tag). Papers PubMed tags as about people: includes reviews and case reports; not randomized trials. All bars share one scale. Each count is for that part alone.

What's in it

BPC-157 is a lab-made chain of fifteen amino acids, based on a protein said to be in stomach juice.[3] TB-500 is a short, lab-made piece of thymosin beta-4, a protein found in the body.[4]

What studies found

The study findings below come from our BPC-157 page. They are not a review of TB-500 or the combination.

Studies of BPC-157 found effects in cells and in rats: in a dish, rat tendon cells moved and spread faster, and in rats, cut Achilles tendons regained strength and alkali skin burns closed sooner.[5][2][6]

In rats with a surgically cut Achilles tendon, the BPC-157 group showed a higher load to failure, better walking-function scores and smaller tendon defects than controls.[2] In tissue pieces and cells from rat Achilles tendon, BPC-157 sped cell outgrowth, raised cell survival under oxidative stress and increased cell migration, and the authors linked this to the FAK-paxillin pathway.[5] Another rat tendon-cell study found more growth hormone receptor after BPC-157, and the cells then grew more when growth hormone was added.[7]

The Phase 1 trial in healthy volunteers was set up to study safety and how the body handles BPC-157; its status is listed as unknown.[8] A 2019 review said most BPC-157 studies used small rodents and that results in humans were yet to be confirmed.[1]

Key point

Most findings on BPC-157 come from rats and cells, and no human trial has posted results yet.[1][8][9]

A registered trial is a plan, not a finding.

Safety

The safety notes below come from our BPC-157 page. They are not a safety review of TB-500 or the combination.

BPC-157 has two registered Phase 1 trials with a safety aim, one in healthy volunteers and a pilot after rotator cuff surgery, and neither has posted results.[8][9] A 2019 review found few studies reporting adverse reactions, but most studies were in small rodents.[1] A lack of reported side effects in rats does not show that BPC-157 is harmless in people.[1] Long-term safety in people is unknown.[1][8]

Rat and lab studies found effects on blood vessels and blood clotting that remain open questions for people.[10][11][12][13] In rats given aspirin, clopidogrel or cilostazol, BPC-157 largely reversed those drugs' effect on platelet clumping.[12] In other rat studies, BPC-157 reduced bleeding time after tail amputation, including in rats given heparin, warfarin or aspirin.[13] Whether these effects occur in people who take blood thinners has not been reported in a human trial.[1][8]

BPC-157 promoted new blood-vessel growth in chick embryo membranes and in rats.[14] A review from the originating group notes that new vessel growth is also part of tumor biology.[15] The cited animal studies did not test tumor growth.[14][15]

Key point

Long-term effects of BPC-157 in humans are unknown, and no human trial has posted results.[1][8][9]

Regulatory status by component

Not FDA-approved How we label status

  • As of October 4, 2026, BPC-157 is not FDA-approved. On July 23, 2026, FDA's compounding advisory committee voted to recommend adding it to the 503A bulks list; FDA staff had recommended against it. FDA has not proposed that change. See BPC-157 in the Index →
  • As of October 4, 2026, TB-500 (thymosin beta-4 fragment LKKTETQ) is not FDA-approved. On July 23, 2026, FDA's compounding advisory committee voted to recommend adding it to the 503A bulks list; FDA staff had recommended against it. FDA has not proposed that change. See TB-500 (thymosin beta-4 fragment LKKTETQ) in the Index →

Status as of October 4, 2026

As a combination
No category since 2026-04-22 (nomination withdrawn); PCAC recommended 2026-07-23/24; no proposed rule as of 2026-10-04
PCAC
Components each recommended 8-6-1 on 2026-07-23; the blend itself was not voted
  • BPC-157: as of October 4, 2026 · source
  • TB-500 (thymosin beta-4 fragment LKKTETQ): as of October 4, 2026 · source

Timeline

Scroll sideways to see all columns.

DateWhat happenedSource
FDA warning letter to an online seller names BPC-157 and TB-500 among products marketed on its website.FDA
U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of Utah press release on an indictment lists BPC-157 and TB500 among peptides allegedly obtained from China and sold to patients.Government source
Federal Register notice of an FDA Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee meeting lists BPC-157 and TB-500 among bulk drug substances under consideration for the 503A bulks list.Federal Register
FDA lists BPC-157 and thymosin beta-4 fragment (LKKTETQ), also known as TB-500, among bulk drug substances nominated but withdrawn (previously in category 2, withdrawn by the nominators) on its page of bulk drug substances that may present significant safety risks in compounding (content current as of 2026-04-22).FDA
FDA advisory committee calendar page for the July 23-24, 2026 Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee meeting lists BPC-157 and TB-500 on the July 23 agenda.FDA
FDA briefing document for the July 23-24, 2026 Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee meeting lists briefing packages for BPC-157 and TB-500.FDA
FDA briefing document on KPV for the July 23-24, 2026 Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee meeting states KPV is promoted as a compounded drug product in combination with BPC-157, TB-500, AOD9604 and Follistatin-344.FDA
FDA presentations for the July 23, 2026 Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee meeting list BPC-157 and TB-500 among the bulk drug substances discussed.FDA

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The research on Wolverine stack (BPC-157 + TB-500)

Key facts

Also known as: wolverine peptide, bpc tb500 stack, bpc-157 tb-500 blend, bpc + tb500

Parts
BPC-157 and TB-500 (thymosin beta-4 fragment LKKTETQ)
Route
injectable

References

  1. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30915550
  2. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14554208
  3. www.fda.gov
  4. www.fda.gov
  5. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21030672
  6. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25995620
  7. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25415472
  8. clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02637284
  9. clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07803250
  10. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33051481
  11. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9298922
  12. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31976029
  13. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21840572
  14. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27847966
  15. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23782145
  16. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9403788

Status sources

Sources as of October 4, 2026

  1. FDA: www.fda.gov/advisory-committees/advisory-committee-calendar/july-23-24-2026-meeting-pharmacy-compounding-advisory-committee-07232026
  2. FDA: www.fda.gov/media/193342/download
  3. FDA: www.fda.gov/media/94155/download
  4. FDA: www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/certain-bulk-drug-substances-use-compounding-may-present-significant-safety-risks
  5. WADA: www.wada-ama.org/sites/default/files/2025-09/2026list_en_final_clean_september_2025.pdf

What this doesn’t establish

Results for one compound don't tell you what the two do together.

The BPC-157 evidence does not establish that any effect seen in rats, chickens or lab cells happens in people.[1][16] A 2019 review states that efficacy is yet to be confirmed in humans, so no benefit for any condition in people has been shown.[1] Amounts used in rats do not translate to people. Most of the research comes from a handful of groups, which limits independent confirmation.[1]